Being and immunotherapy effectiveness

Nature, Published online: 18 March 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-00633-6It was thought that the thymus serves its purpose for the immune system early in life. Insights about the organ in adults reveal its importance for later well-being.

Being and immunotherapy effectiveness
Being and immunotherapy effectiveness Photo: Nature News

Graham Anderson is in the Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

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The thymus is an organ in the chest that produces T cells, essential components of the immune system 1 , 2 .

However, after peaking in size in adolescence, the thymus progressively shrinks as people age, leaving its relevance to adult health unclear.

In two papers in Nature , Bernatz et al .

3 , 4 present an artificial-intelligence approach for assessing the health of the thymus in adults.

The authors identify thymic health as an indicator of healthy ageing and of whether immunotherapy for cancer treatment is likely to be successful.

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The author declares no competing interests.

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